nước cứng
Definition
- Noun:
- Hard water: Water that contains high concentrations of dissolved minerals, primarily calcium and magnesium ions. These minerals prevent soap from lathering effectively and can cause scale buildup in pipes and appliances.
Usage Examples
- Noun:
- Nước cứng thường gây ra cặn trắng trong ấm đun. (Hard water often causes white scale in kettles.)
- Giặt quần áo bằng nước cứng cần nhiều xà phòng hơn. (Washing clothes with hard water requires more soap.)
- Khu vực này có nguồn nước cứng. (This area has a hard water supply.)
Advanced Usage
- Technical Context: In chemistry and environmental engineering, "nước cứng" is classified by its mineral content, often measured in grains per gallon (GPG) or milligrams per liter (mg/L) of calcium carbonate.
- Độ cứng của nước được xác định bằng hàm lượng ion canxi và magiê. (Water hardness is determined by the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions.)
Variants and Related Words
Làm mềm nước cứng (v): to soften hard water.
- Họ lắp đặt hệ thống làm mềm nước cứng. (They installed a hard water softening system.)
Nước mềm (n): soft water; water with low concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions.
- Nước mềm giúp xà phòng tạo bọt dễ dàng. (Soft water helps soap lather easily.)
Synonyms
- Hard water: the direct and most common translation.
- Calcareous water: a more technical term emphasizing calcium content.
Related Concepts
- Scale / Limescale (n): the hard, chalky deposit of calcium carbonate that forms in pipes, kettles, and appliances due to hard water.
- Water softening (n): the process of removing calcium and magnesium ions from hard water.